Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 – Complete Worksheet with Answers (NCERT + CBSE Pattern)
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| Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds - Worksheet |
Introduction
Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds is one of the most
important topics in Class 10 Science. This chapter explains the unique bonding
properties of carbon, the formation of hydrocarbons, functional groups,
homologous series, and key reactions such as oxidation, substitution, addition,
esterification and saponification.
The worksheet provided here is fully based on your uploaded
PDF (Class 10 Carbon and Its Compounds Worksheet) and rewritten in a clear,
simple, NCERT-aligned style that students can directly use for board-level
practice. These questions follow the CBSE pattern, including MCQs,
competency questions, assertion–reason, very short, short, and long-answer
questions.
At the end of this article, you can attach your printable
PDF link for students.
Chapter Notes (Quick Revision Before Solving Q&A)
Why carbon forms millions of compounds
- Carbon
shows catenation: the ability to form long chains, branches, and
rings.
- It
has tetravalency: carbon forms four covalent bonds.
- Carbon–carbon
bond is strong and stable.
- Presence
of functional groups forms families of compounds.
Types of hydrocarbons
- Saturated:
Alkanes (CₙH₂ₙ₊₂) – only single bonds
- Unsaturated:
- Alkenes
(CₙH₂ₙ) – double bonds
- Alkynes
(CₙH₂ₙ₋₂) – triple bonds
Important functional groups
- Alcohol
(–OH)
- Aldehyde
(–CHO)
- Carboxylic
acid (–COOH)
- Ketone
(>C=O)
- Ester
(–COO–)
Key reactions
- Hydrogenation
(addition)
- Combustion
- Oxidation
- Substitution
- Esterification
& Saponification
Section A: Long Answer Questions
Q1. Why does carbon form a large number of compounds?
Explain with reasons.
Answer:
Carbon forms an exceptionally large number of compounds due to tetravalency
and catenation. It has four valence electrons and forms stable covalent
bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and the halogens. Its ability
to link with other carbon atoms creates long chains, branched chains and rings.
The C–C bond is strong, allowing complex structures. These properties together
make carbon the basis of millions of organic compounds.
Q2. What is a homologous series? Write characteristics of
a homologous series with examples.
Answer:
A homologous series is a family of organic compounds with the same functional
group and similar chemical properties. Consecutive members differ by –CH₂– unit
and show a gradual increase in physical properties like boiling point. They
have a general formula, such as Alkanes (CₙH₂ₙ₊₂). For example: methane,
ethane, propane. All members have predictable trends and the same functional
group.
Q3. Explain the properties and uses of ethanol and
ethanoic acid.
Answer:
Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is a colourless liquid used in medicines, sanitizers,
perfumes and as an industrial solvent. It burns with a clean flame and is used
as a fuel when blended with petrol. Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH) is a weak
acid found in vinegar. It has a strong smell and turns blue litmus red. It
reacts with ethanol to form esters. Ethanoic acid is used in pickling, food
preservation and chemical industries.
Section B: Short Answer Questions
Q1. What is catenation? Give one example.
Answer: Catenation is the ability of carbon atoms to
bond with each other to form chains or rings. Example: propane (C₃H₈).
Q2. Write the electron dot structure of methane and
ethane.
Answer:
Methane (CH₄): Central carbon atom shares electrons with four hydrogen
atoms forming four single covalent bonds.
Ethane (C₂H₆): Two carbon atoms share one pair of electrons forming a
C–C bond; each carbon also forms three C–H single bonds.
Q3. Why are covalent compounds poor conductors of
electricity?
Answer:
Covalent compounds do not contain ions. Their molecules hold electrons tightly
in shared pairs. Therefore, they do not allow the flow of electric current,
making them poor conductors.
Q4. What is esterification? State one use of esters.
Answer:
Esterification is the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form
an ester and water. Esters are used in making perfumes and flavouring agents
because of their pleasant smell.
Section C: Very Short Answer Questions
Q1. Write the formula of the 2nd member of the alkyne
series.
Answer: C₃H₄ (Propyne).
Q2. What is the functional group in aldehydes?
Answer: –CHO.
Q3. What is vinegar chemically?
Answer: Dilute ethanoic acid.
Q4. Name the reaction: C₂H₄ + H₂ → C₂H₆
Answer: Addition / Hydrogenation reaction.
Q5. Write the molecular formula of ethanoic acid.
Answer: CH₃COOH.
Section D: MCQs
1. The general formula of alkenes is:
a) CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
b) CₙH₂ₙ
c) CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
d) CₙHₙ
Answer: b) CₙH₂ₙ
2. Which of the following is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
a) Methane
b) Propane
c) Ethene
d) Butane
Answer: c) Ethene
3. The functional group present in carboxylic acids is:
a) –OH
b) –CHO
c) –COOH
d) –COO–
Answer: c) –COOH
4. What is the common name of ethanoic acid?
a) Methyl alcohol
b) Vinegar
c) Kerosene
d) Acetone
Answer: b) Vinegar
Section E: Assertion–Reason Questions
Q1.
Assertion (A): Covalent compounds have low melting
and boiling points.
Reason (R): Covalent compounds contain weak intermolecular forces.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
Q2.
Assertion (A): All members of homologous series have
similar chemical properties.
Reason (R): They have the same functional group.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
Section F: Case Study
Passage:
A student mixes ethanol and ethanoic acid and warms the
mixture with a few drops of concentrated H₂SO₄. A sweet-smelling substance is
formed.
Questions:
1. Name the process taking place.
Answer: Esterification.
2. What is the role of concentrated sulphuric acid?
Answer: Acts as a dehydrating agent and catalyst.
3. Name the product formed.
Answer: Ester.
4. Write its general formula.
Answer: RCOOR′.
Summary
This worksheet provides complete practice for Class 10
Carbon and Its Compounds, covering all question formats asked in CBSE board
exams. Students can revise key concepts like catenation, tetravalency,
hydrocarbons, functional groups, ethanol, ethanoic acid, esterification, and
saponification. Solving these questions will strengthen understanding and
improve answer-writing skills. Here is the attach PDF of Worksheet-
Download Printable PDF Here
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