G20 Summit 2023 India: Key Facts, India’s Millets Strategy & Board Exam Questions (Class 10)
Introduction
For Class 10 students, the G20 Summit 2023 in India might seem like a current-affairs topic, yet it often finds its way into MCQs or very short-answer sections in board exams, especially in geography, social studies, or general awareness. Though not always explicitly mentioned in the NCERT textbook, a good grasp of this summit can fetch you easy marks.
This article covers:
- What was the G20 Summit 2023 (theme, agenda, outcomes)
- India’s strategic role, including the push for millets and ancient grains
- Important facts and figures that boards may ask
- Sample MCQs / short-answer questions (past & likely)
Let’s begin.
What is G20 and India’s Presidency in 2023
- The G20 (Group of Twenty) is an international forum comprised of 19 countries plus the European Union, focusing on global economic governance, climate change, sustainable development etc.
- India held the G20 Presidency from 1 December 2022 to 30 November 2023.
- The flagship event was the New Delhi G20 Summit held on 9-10 September 2023 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
- The theme adopted was: “One Earth, One Family, One Future”, drawing upon India’s ancient philosophy Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one family).
India’s presidency was marked by a large scale of meetings — more than 200 meetings across 60 cities in India, covering ministries, working groups, and engagement groups.
Key Agenda & Priorities
India set six priority themes under its presidency:
- Green Development, Climate Finance & LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment)
- Accelerated, Inclusive & Resilient Growth
- Accelerating SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
- Technological Transformation & Digital Public Infrastructure
- Multilateral Institutions for the 21st Century
- Women-led Development
These pillars shaped discussions, declarations, and initiatives through the summit.
Major Outcomes & Achievements
Here are the key results that students must note (common for MCQs or short-answer questions):
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New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration (NDLD)
All G20 countries adopted this declaration unanimously. It consists of over 83 paragraphs and reflects commitments to sustainable development, climate action, reforms in multilateral institutions, and more. -
Inclusion of African Union (AU) as Permanent Member
One landmark diplomatic outcome was the decision to include the African Union as a permanent member of G20. This was seen as a victory for representation of the Global South. -
Global Biofuels Alliance
India launched the Global Biofuels Alliance initiative along with the USA and Brazil to promote sustainable energy and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. -
Agricultural & Food Security Focus – Millets / MAHARISHI Initiative
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India proposed promoting millets and other ancient grains across G20 nations as a climate-resilient, nutrition-rich food source.
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Under the MAHARISHI initiative (Meeting of Agricultural Chief Scientists), India aims to share research, build capacities, and promote millets.
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At the summit’s hospitality level, millet-based dishes and street food featuring millets were served to delegations, showcasing India’s push for these grains.
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Climate & Sustainability Commitments
Strong emphasis was placed on climate finance, green development, and commitments toward climate-resilient policies. -
Digital Economy & Technology
Agreements and dialogues were held on digital public infrastructure (DPI), cybersecurity, and equitable digital access.
These outcomes reflect India’s strategic diplomacy and developmental vision during the G20 presidency.
India’s Strategic Role & The Millets Push
India utilized the 2023 G20 Summit not just as host, but as a platform to push its agricultural and nutritional diplomacy. Millets (also called coarse grains) are drought-resistant, low input, highly nutritious, and have environmental advantages.
- By placing millets on the G20 menu and agenda, India aimed to raise global awareness about food security under climate stress.
- The MAHARISHI initiative seeks to connect scientists and institutions from G20 countries to share knowledge and promote millet cultivation.
- India’s showcasing of millet-based dishes at the summit was symbolic — blending diplomacy, culture, and nutrition science.
This move underscores India’s recognition that food security, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience are interlinked, and millets are central to that strategy.
Relevance for Class 10 Students & Board Exams
Although NCERT textbooks may not explicitly mention the G20 Summit 2023, CBSE and state boards often include MCQs or very short answer questions based on current affairs, especially recent global summits. Some reasons why G20 topics are asked:
- Geography / Environment / Global Studies papers may test awareness of global forums.
- Short factual questions: When India hosted G20? What was the theme? Which sector India promoted (millets)?
- MCQs to test knowledge of outcomes (inclusion of AU, global declaration, biofuel alliance).
Hence, understanding the basics and key names/facts gives you an edge with minimal effort.
Important Facts & Figures (For Quick Revision)
- Dates of Summit: 9–10 September 2023
- Venue: Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi
- Theme: “One Earth, One Family, One Future” / Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
- Number of meetings hosted in India (2023): Over 200 meetings across 60+ cities
- Millets initiative: MAHARISHI (Meeting of Agricultural Chief Scientists)
- Inclusion of African Union as G20 permanent member
- Global Biofuels Alliance launched by India, USA, Brazil
Memorize these — they are frequently tested.
Sample Board-Style Questions (MCQs & Very Short Answer)
1. MCQs
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When was the G20 Summit hosted by India in 2023?
a) 1–2 August
b) 15–16 October
c) 9–10 September
d) 20–21 December
Answer: c) 9–10 September -
What was the theme of G20 Summit 2023 held in India?
a) One World, One Family
b) One Earth, One Family, One Future
c) Sustainable Growth for All
d) Global Harmony
Answer: b) One Earth, One Family, One Future -
Which initiative by India under G20 focuses on promoting millets and ancient grains?
a) GREEN INDIA
b) MAHARISHI
c) FOOD 4 ALL
d) ANCIENT GRAINS PROGRAM
Answer: b) MAHARISHI -
India achieved unanimous adoption of which document at G20 2023?
a) Delhi Accord
b) New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration
c) Global Consensus Charter
d) India Declaration
Answer: b) New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration -
Which new body or membership inclusion was decided in G20 2023 summit in India?
a) ASEAN as member
b) African Union as permanent member
c) SAARC revival
d) Eurasian Union as observer
Answer: b) African Union as permanent member
2. Very Short / Short-Answer Questions
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Name the host city and venue of G20 Summit 2023 in India.
Answer: New Delhi, at Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan. -
Mention one key agricultural initiative launched by India during G20 2023.
Answer: Promotion of millets / initiative MAHARISHI. -
Which new alliance did India propose during G20 2023 related to energy?
Answer: Global Biofuels Alliance. -
Why was inclusion of the African Union in G20 significant?
Answer: It increased representation of the Global South and made G20 more inclusive. -
State one global commitment made in the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration.
Answer: Commitment to climate finance, sustainable development, reforms in global institutions etc.
Tips for Students
- Always link current affairs topics like G20 to geography, environment, and global governance so that you can write a line or two even if it’s not in NCERT.
- Learn dates, names, initiatives — these are the backbone of MCQs/short answers.
- Use mnemonics (e.g. “Theme = One Earth, One Family, One Future” — count “One, One, One” to recall).
- Relate India’s promotion of millets to geography/environment topics such as climate resilience, sustainable agriculture, nutrition security.
Conclusion
While NCERT may not explicitly cover the G20 Summit 2023, it is now a relevant current affairs topic that often appears in MCQs or very short answer sections in exam papers. For Class 10 students, having a crisp understanding of the summit’s theme, outcomes, and especially India’s push for millets, can give you easy marks in exam halls.
Focus on key facts, figures, and India’s strategic initiatives. Practice the sample MCQs and always stay updated on such global events — they increasingly bridge the gap between textbooks and real-world examinations.
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